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Ȥ½Ã convolutional coding ¾Ë°í¸®Áò ¾Æ½Ã´ÂºÐ ÀÖ³ª¿ä?
1
¿µ±¤±¼ºñ´Ï°¡¾îÂî
µî·ÏÀÏ 2015-03-13 17:18
Á¶È¸¼ö 685
À½ turbo code´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù°í Çß³ª ÇÒÆ° ÀÌ·± ÄÚµå ¾î¶»°Ô º¯È¯ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë°í¸®Áò¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Æ½Ã´Â ºÐ ÀÖ³ª¿ä?
°úÁ¦Àε¥ 16bitÀÌÁø¼ö¸¦ 24~32ºñÆ®·Î º¯È¯Ç϶ó°íÇߴµ¥ µµÀúÈ÷ ¸ð¸£°Ú³×¿ä ¤Ð¤Ð
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---ÆÛ³¯¶ó¿ä---
Convolutional Code
µ¹¸²Çü ºÎÈ£¶ó°í º¯¿ªµÈ´Ù. LTEÀÇ Physical Broadcast Channel ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁò Áß Çϳª·Î Feorward Error Correction(FEC) codeing ÀÌ ¼Ò°³ µÇ´Âµ¥, À̶§ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ Convolutional CoderÀÌ´Ù.
- Generator : 8Áø ¼ö·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø codewordÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
- code rate : ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ data bit ¼ö.
¿¹>
1/3 rateÀÇ °æ¿ì Generator¸¦ 7,3,5 ·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ °ªÀº 8Áø¼ö·Î, 2Áø¼ö·Î º¯È¯Çϸé 111, 011, 101À» °®´Â´Ù.
constraint length´Â 3À» °®°í °¢°¢ÀÇ register¿¡´Â ÀÔ·ÂµÈ codeword°¡ ½Ã°£Â÷¸¦ °®°í µé¾î¿Â´Ù.
modulor 2 adder´Â XOR ³í¸®½ÄÀ¸·Î ±¸ÇöÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À§¿Í°°Àº Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ 1À» codeword·Î ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
1 0 0 ÀÌ ÀÔ·Â µÇ°í, Generator¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1 0 0 , 0 0 , 1 0 À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í, XOR ¿¬»ê¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1 0 1 À̶ó´Â codingµÈ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
µ¿ÀÏÁ¶°ÇÀ¸·Î 1 0 0 0 À» codeword·Î °®´Â´Ù¸é, ³×¹øÀÇ °úÁ¤¿¡ °ÅÃÄ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1 ÀÔ·Â : 1 0 0 -> 1 0 1
0 ÀÔ·Â : 0 1 0 -> 1 1 0
0 ÀÔ·Â : 0 0 1 -> 1 1 1
0 ÀÔ·Â : 0 0 0 -> 0 0 0
µû¶ó¼ º¯È¯µÈ codeword´Â 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
Âü°í : À§Å° - convolutional code
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_code
-------------------------
MATLAB supports convolutional codes. For example the encoder shown on Img. 1 can be implemented as follows:
G1 = 7;% octal 7 corresponds to binary 111 n1 = m1 + m0 + m-1
G2 = 3;% octal 3 corresponds to binary 011 n1 = m0 + m-1
G3 = 5;% octal 5 corresponds to binary 101 n1 = m1 + m-1
constLen = 3; % Constraint length
% Create the trellis that represents the convolutional code
convCodeTrellis = poly2trellis(constLen, [ G1 G2 G3 ]);
uncodedWord = [1 ];
codedWord1 = convenc(uncodedWord, convCodeTrellis)
uncodedWord = [1 0 0 0];
codedWord2 = convenc(uncodedWord, convCodeTrellis)
The output is the following:
codedWord1 =
1 0 1
codedWord2 =
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
---------------------------
¸ô¶ó¼ ÆÛ³¯¶ú´Âµ¥¿ä.
ÀÌ°Ô ÄÚµå¿öµå3ºñÆ®Àε¥ 12bit·Î ¹Ù²î³×¿ä.
±Ùµ¥ 16ºñÆ® ÄÚµå¿öµå¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¶ó°í Çϼ̴ٴÏ.. È®ÀåÇØ¿À¶õ ¼Ò¸®°°³×¿ä.
// ¾Æ·¡´Â pdf ¹®¼¸µÅ©Àε¥, polynominal ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¼ö½ÄÀÌ °°ÀÌÀֳ׿ä.
http://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CDcQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eie.polyu.edu.hk%2F~em%2Fdc03pdf%2FConvolutional%2520Codes.pdf&ei=J78DVdGRHMHlmAWR94CIDw&usg=AFQjCNFFyLn9qGj5tW7qJ9FI0uAxVuj8ng&bvm=bv.88198703,d.dGY&cad=rjt
// modulo-2 ¸µÅ©. ÁÖÀÇ: °æÇè»ó % ¿¬»êÀÚ¾²¸é ´À·ÁÁö´Ï xor ¾²¼¼¿ä.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_operation
http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/682301/modulo-2-binary-division-xor-not-subtracting-method
---ÆÛ³¯¶ó¿ä--- Convolutional Code µ¹¸²Çü ºÎÈ£¶ó°í º¯¿ªµÈ´Ù. LTEÀÇ Physical Broadcast Channel ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁò Áß Çϳª·Î Feorward Error Correction(FEC) codeing ÀÌ ¼Ò°³ µÇ´Âµ¥, À̶§ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ Convolutional CoderÀÌ´Ù. - Generator : 8Áø ¼ö·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø codewordÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. - code rate : ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ data bit ¼ö. ¿¹> 1/3 rateÀÇ °æ¿ì Generator¸¦ 7,3,5 ·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ °ªÀº 8Áø¼ö·Î, 2Áø¼ö·Î º¯È¯Çϸé 111, 011, 101À» °®´Â´Ù. constraint length´Â 3À» °®°í °¢°¢ÀÇ register¿¡´Â ÀÔ·ÂµÈ codeword°¡ ½Ã°£Â÷¸¦ °®°í µé¾î¿Â´Ù. modulor 2 adder´Â XOR ³í¸®½ÄÀ¸·Î ±¸ÇöÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À§¿Í°°Àº Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ 1À» codeword·Î ÇÑ´Ù¸é, 1 0 0 ÀÌ ÀÔ·Â µÇ°í, Generator¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1 0 0 , 0 0 , 1 0 À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í, XOR ¿¬»ê¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1 0 1 À̶ó´Â codingµÈ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù. µ¿ÀÏÁ¶°ÇÀ¸·Î 1 0 0 0 À» codeword·Î °®´Â´Ù¸é, ³×¹øÀÇ °úÁ¤¿¡ °ÅÃÄ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 1 ÀÔ·Â : 1 0 0 -> 1 0 1 0 ÀÔ·Â : 0 1 0 -> 1 1 0 0 ÀÔ·Â : 0 0 1 -> 1 1 1 0 ÀÔ·Â : 0 0 0 -> 0 0 0 µû¶ó¼ º¯È¯µÈ codeword´Â 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Âü°í : À§Å° - convolutional code
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_code
------------------------- MATLAB supports convolutional codes. For example the encoder shown on Img. 1 can be implemented as follows: G1 = 7;% octal 7 corresponds to binary 111 n1 = m1 + m0 + m-1 G2 = 3;% octal 3 corresponds to binary 011 n1 = m0 + m-1 G3 = 5;% octal 5 corresponds to binary 101 n1 = m1 + m-1 constLen = 3; % Constraint length % Create the trellis that represents the convolutional code convCodeTrellis = poly2trellis(constLen, [ G1 G2 G3 ]); uncodedWord = [1 ]; codedWord1 = convenc(uncodedWord, convCodeTrellis) uncodedWord = [1 0 0 0]; codedWord2 = convenc(uncodedWord, convCodeTrellis) The output is the following: codedWord1 = 1 0 1 codedWord2 = 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 --------------------------- ¸ô¶ó¼ ÆÛ³¯¶ú´Âµ¥¿ä. ÀÌ°Ô ÄÚµå¿öµå3ºñÆ®Àε¥ 12bit·Î ¹Ù²î³×¿ä. ±Ùµ¥ 16ºñÆ® ÄÚµå¿öµå¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¶ó°í Çϼ̴ٴÏ.. È®ÀåÇØ¿À¶õ ¼Ò¸®°°³×¿ä. // ¾Æ·¡´Â pdf ¹®¼¸µÅ©Àε¥, polynominal ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¼ö½ÄÀÌ °°ÀÌÀֳ׿ä.
http://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CDcQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eie.polyu.edu.hk%2F~em%2Fdc03pdf%2FConvolutional%2520Codes.pdf&ei=J78DVdGRHMHlmAWR94CIDw&usg=AFQjCNFFyLn9qGj5tW7qJ9FI0uAxVuj8ng&bvm=bv.88198703,d.dGY&cad=rjt
// modulo-2 ¸µÅ©. ÁÖÀÇ: °æÇè»ó % ¿¬»êÀÚ¾²¸é ´À·ÁÁö´Ï xor ¾²¼¼¿ä.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_operation
http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/682301/modulo-2-binary-division-xor-not-subtracting-method
2015-03-14 *
´ñ±ÛÁÖ¼Òº¹»ç
·¹º§9´Â ÄÚ¸àÆ®¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ÈÄ 30ÃÊ°¡ °æ°úÇØ¾ß »õ ÄÚ¸àÆ®¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
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·Î±×ÀÎ ÈÄ ÄÚ¸àÆ®¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
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°¶·¯¸®¿¡ ÀúÀåÇϽðڽÀ´Ï±î?
NO
YES
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Convolutional Code
µ¹¸²Çü ºÎÈ£¶ó°í º¯¿ªµÈ´Ù. LTEÀÇ Physical Broadcast Channel ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁò Áß Çϳª·Î Feorward Error Correction(FEC) codeing ÀÌ ¼Ò°³ µÇ´Âµ¥, À̶§ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ Convolutional CoderÀÌ´Ù.
- Generator : 8Áø ¼ö·Î ÁÖ¾îÁø codewordÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
- code rate : ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ data bit ¼ö.
¿¹>
1/3 rateÀÇ °æ¿ì Generator¸¦ 7,3,5 ·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ °ªÀº 8Áø¼ö·Î, 2Áø¼ö·Î º¯È¯Çϸé 111, 011, 101À» °®´Â´Ù.
constraint length´Â 3À» °®°í °¢°¢ÀÇ register¿¡´Â ÀÔ·ÂµÈ codeword°¡ ½Ã°£Â÷¸¦ °®°í µé¾î¿Â´Ù.
modulor 2 adder´Â XOR ³í¸®½ÄÀ¸·Î ±¸ÇöÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À§¿Í°°Àº Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ 1À» codeword·Î ÇÑ´Ù¸é,
1 0 0 ÀÌ ÀÔ·Â µÇ°í, Generator¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1 0 0 , 0 0 , 1 0 À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í, XOR ¿¬»ê¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1 0 1 À̶ó´Â codingµÈ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò´Â´Ù.
µ¿ÀÏÁ¶°ÇÀ¸·Î 1 0 0 0 À» codeword·Î °®´Â´Ù¸é, ³×¹øÀÇ °úÁ¤¿¡ °ÅÃÄ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
1 ÀÔ·Â : 1 0 0 -> 1 0 1
0 ÀÔ·Â : 0 1 0 -> 1 1 0
0 ÀÔ·Â : 0 0 1 -> 1 1 1
0 ÀÔ·Â : 0 0 0 -> 0 0 0
µû¶ó¼ º¯È¯µÈ codeword´Â 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 ÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
Âü°í : À§Å° - convolutional code http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_code
-------------------------
MATLAB supports convolutional codes. For example the encoder shown on Img. 1 can be implemented as follows:
G1 = 7;% octal 7 corresponds to binary 111 n1 = m1 + m0 + m-1
G2 = 3;% octal 3 corresponds to binary 011 n1 = m0 + m-1
G3 = 5;% octal 5 corresponds to binary 101 n1 = m1 + m-1
constLen = 3; % Constraint length
% Create the trellis that represents the convolutional code
convCodeTrellis = poly2trellis(constLen, [ G1 G2 G3 ]);
uncodedWord = [1 ];
codedWord1 = convenc(uncodedWord, convCodeTrellis)
uncodedWord = [1 0 0 0];
codedWord2 = convenc(uncodedWord, convCodeTrellis)
The output is the following:
codedWord1 =
1 0 1
codedWord2 =
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
---------------------------
¸ô¶ó¼ ÆÛ³¯¶ú´Âµ¥¿ä.
ÀÌ°Ô ÄÚµå¿öµå3ºñÆ®Àε¥ 12bit·Î ¹Ù²î³×¿ä.
±Ùµ¥ 16ºñÆ® ÄÚµå¿öµå¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¶ó°í Çϼ̴ٴÏ.. È®ÀåÇØ¿À¶õ ¼Ò¸®°°³×¿ä.
// ¾Æ·¡´Â pdf ¹®¼¸µÅ©Àε¥, polynominal ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¼ö½ÄÀÌ °°ÀÌÀֳ׿ä.
http://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CDcQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eie.polyu.edu.hk%2F~em%2Fdc03pdf%2FConvolutional%2520Codes.pdf&ei=J78DVdGRHMHlmAWR94CIDw&usg=AFQjCNFFyLn9qGj5tW7qJ9FI0uAxVuj8ng&bvm=bv.88198703,d.dGY&cad=rjt
// modulo-2 ¸µÅ©. ÁÖÀÇ: °æÇè»ó % ¿¬»êÀÚ¾²¸é ´À·ÁÁö´Ï xor ¾²¼¼¿ä.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_operation
http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/682301/modulo-2-binary-division-xor-not-subtracting-method